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Monday, 11 September 2023 – 7pm / Second session: Monday, 25 September 2023 – 7pm Sabatini Building, Auditorium
Session 1. José María Berzosa. Les pompiers de Santiago (The Firefighters of Santiago)
France, 1977, colour, original version in Spanish, DA, 75’
– Presented by Chema González and Daniel Berzosa, the film-maker’s son, in the first session
This first episode in the series addresses the ostensible normality of reactionary ideology among Chile’s middle class, represented by the Fourth Company of the Fire Department of Santiago. “There are no political prisoners in Chile”, Augusto Pinochet states at the beginning as Berzosa, in a counterpoint that is characteristic in his editing, shows, in a way that is both realist and measured, the painful testimonies of the mothers and wives of those who have disappeared or are prisoners under the dictatorship. In wilful ignorance of such a reality is the happy society under the restored order: the fire chief, Napoleonic and military, declaring himself apolitical like his department, or the landowner and ex-diplomat who renounces his land. In short, a theatre Berzosa exhibits in all its farse and artifice.
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Wednesday, 13 September 2023 – 7pm / Second session: Thursday, 28 September 2023 – 7pm Sabatini Building, Auditorium
Session 2. José María Berzosa. Voyage au bout de la droite (Journey to the End of the Right)
France, 1977, colour, original version in Spanish, DA, 78’
– Presented by Luis E. Parés, the director of Cineteca, in the first session
In this second episode, different figures explain their political commitment, forming a portrait of Chile’s new ruling class. Monseñor Gilmore, chaplain-general of the Army, speaks about the advantages of the Army teaching young people, while Enrique Ortúzar, president of Chile’s Constitutional Commission in the wake of the coup d’état, describes a particular kind of authority-based democracy. Following these conversations, Berzosa employs a counter-shot: the situation of artists who have remained in Santiago and are under extreme surveillance, a farmer talking about the misery in rural Chile and a powerful extract of Pablo Neruda reciting his words.
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Friday, 15 September 2023 – 7pm / Second session: Friday, 29 September 2023 – 7pm Sabatini Building, Auditorium
Session 3. José María Berzosa. Au bonheur des généraux (To the Generals’ Happiness)
France, 1977, colour, original version in Spanish, DA, 67’
Can a lack of ethics be reconciled with aesthetics? This appears to be the theme of this third episode, in which Berzosa films a grotesque and humorous portrait of three army officers who, along with commander-in-chief Augusto Pinochet, make up the Military Junta. Gustavo Leigh Guzmán, Air Force commander, Navy commander José Toribio Merino, and César Mendoza Durán, chief of Police, are interviewed in their homes alongside their wives, discussing issues of a literary, musical and philosophical nature. The efforts of all three to portray themselves as sensitive dilettantes, mentioning figures such as Picasso and Bach and even showing their artistic creations, reflect how the beginnings of major dictatorships — one such example being a young painter called Adolf Hitler — can be rooted in considerable artistic frustration.
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Saturday, 16 September 2023 – 7pm / Second session: Saturday, 30 September 2023 – 7pm Sabatini Building, Auditorium
Session 4. José María Berzosa. Monsieur le président (Mr President)
France, 1977, colour, original version in Spanish, DA, 75’
This final episode shows the dictator in all his heroic guises: the peerless army officer, the intrepid explorer, the model citizen, the international geopolitics strategist, the concerned father, the faithful husband. The masks progressively peel away as Berzosa intersperses interviews with the mothers of those who have disappeared under the regime. In a typically Berzosa-esque sequence, we see Pinochet, dressed as a civilian, and his wife, Lucía Hiriart, sat in their home. After discussing film, music and family, the film-maker asks Hiriart: “Does your husband have any faults?”. “No, none”, she replies. “We all have our faults…”. She gives it some thought: “Okay, he can be a little domineering,” she says to the icy smile of the dictator. A simple phrase that dismantles the propaganda around a hero.
![José María Berzosa. Les pompiers de Santiago [Los bomberos de Santiago], película, 1977](https://recursos.museoreinasofia.es/styles/large_landscape/public/Actividades/berzosa_principal.jpg.webp)
Held on 11, 13, 15, 16, 25, 28, 29, 30 sep 2023
José María Berzosa (Spain, 1928 — France, 2018) is a missing link in the history of Spanish cinema, his filmography, made entirely in France, characterised by the use of sarcasm and parody against despotic power. Coinciding with the fiftieth anniversary of the 1973 coup d’état in Chile, the Museo Reina Sofía screens the full version of his documentary series Chili Impressions (1977), following one sole screening in Spain, which took place in Filmoteca Española in 1981. The documentary’s four episodes unmask the monstrosities of Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship, while also spotlighting film’s capacity to confront tyranny and represent the subjugated.
Berzosa, who made around a hundred documentaries for French television, came to occupy a unique position in the TV industry as he developed his own themes using a distinctive language and was lauded by the critics as one of the most original film-makers in the medium. Exiled to France from 1956, he was initially a director’s assistant for film-makers such as Jean Renoir and Luis Buñuel, but soon became a reference point in his own right due to his television reports, the aforementioned Chili Impressions among them. Berzosa stood out for conceiving documentary in a baroque style using words from the time and with the co-existence of complex narrative strategies ranging from the staging of direct interviews, the use of counterpoint and antithesis in the editing, the idea of filming malevolence and infamy head-on and, his most idiosyncratic trait, the use of humour as a weapon against a harsh and implacable reality.
Berzosa also centred his gaze on dismantling the myths of Spanishness that spread during Francoism, for instance in Rouge Greco Rouge (Red Greco Red, 1973) and Comment se débarrasser des restes du Cid? (How to Dispose of the Remains of el Cid? 1974), which is perhaps the reason why he went to great lengths to film the Chilean dictatorship, which, in the words of the chaplain of Augusto Pinochet, bore the most similarities to the Franco regime. In the four episodes of Chili Impressions, Berzosa pieces together a portrait of the regime from different angles: Les pompiers de Santiago (The Firefighters of Santiago), which presents a group from an alt-right corporation; Voyage au bout de la droite (Journey to the End of the Right), a route through the formation of the dictatorial State; Au bonheur des généraux (To the Generals’ Happiness), an approach to the Military Junta and its cultural tastes amid genocide; and Monsieur le président (Mr President), a portrait of the different sides of the dictator. The series was shot in January, February and March of 1977 and was first broadcast in France from April to May 1978 following a futile attempt at censorship by the Chilean Embassy. Today it constitutes one of the most powerful and astute examples of cinema against the brutality of dictatorship.
Organised by
Museo Reina Sofía
In collaboration with
Más actividades

Francisco López and Barbara Ellison
Thursday, 11 December - 8pm
The third session in the series brings together two international reference points in sound art in one evening — two independent performances which converse through their proximity here. Barbara Ellison opens proceedings with a piece centred on the perceptively ambiguous and the ghostly, where voices, sounds and materials become spectral manifestations.
This is followed by Francisco López, an internationally renowned Spanish sound artist, who presents one of his radical immersions in deep listening, with his work an invitation to submerge oneself in sound matter as a transformative experience.
This double session sets forth an encounter between two artists who, from different perspectives, share the same search: to open ears to territories where sound becomes a poetic force and space of resistance.

Long Live L’Abo! Celluloid and Activism
4, 5, 6 DIC 2025
L’Abominable is a collective film laboratory founded in La Courneuve (Paris, France) in 1996. It came into being in response to the disappearing infrastructures in artisan film-making and to provide artists and film-makers with a self-managed space from which to produce, develop and screen films in analogue formats such as Super 8, 16mm and 35mm. Anchored in this premise, the community promotes aesthetic and political experimentation in analogue film opposite digital hegemony. Over the years, L’Abominable, better known as L’Abo, has accompanied different generations of film-makers, upholding an international movement of independent film practices.
This third segment is structured in three sessions: a lecture on L’Abo given by Pilar Monsell and Camilo Restrepo; a session of short films in 16mm produced in L’Abo; and the feature-length film Une isle, une nuit, made by the Les Pirates des Lentillères collective.

Estrella de Diego Lecture. Holding Your Brain While You Sleep
Wednesday, 3 December 2025 – 7pm
Framed inside the Museo Reina Sofía’s retrospective exhibition devoted to Maruja Mallo, this lecture delivered by Estrella de Diego draws attention to the impact of the artist’s return to Spain after her three-decade exile in Latin America.
Committed to values of progress and renewal in the Second Republic, Mallo was forced into exile to Argentina with the outbreak of the Civil War and would not go back to Spain to settle definitively until 1965 — a return that was, ultimately, a second exile.
Mallo saw out her prolific artistic trajectory with two impactful series: Moradores del vacío (Dwellers of the Void, 1968–1980) and Viajeros del éter (Ether Travelers, 1982), entering her most esoteric period in which she drew inspiration from her “levitational experiences” of crossing the Andes and sailing the Pacific. Her travels, both real and imaginary, became encounters with superhuman dimensions.
In parallel, her public persona gained traction as she became a popular figure and a key representative of the Generation of ‘27 — the other members of which also started returning to Spain.
This lecture is part of the Art and Exile series, which seeks to explore in greater depth one of the defining aspects of Maruja Mallo’s life and work: her experience of exile. An experience which for Mallo was twofold: the time she spent in the Americas and her complex return to Spain.

Juan Uslé. That Ship on the Mountain
Tuesday, 25 November 2025 – 7pm
Ángel Calvo Ulloa, curator of the exhibition Juan Uslé. That Ship on the Mountain, engages in conversation with artist Juan Uslé (Santander, 1954) in the Museo’s Auditorium 400 to explore in greater depth the exhibition discourse of this anthological show spanning four decades of Uslé’s artistic career.
The show casts light on the close relationship Uslé’s work bears to his life experiences, establishing connections between different stages and series which could ostensibly seem distant. Framed in this context, the conversation looks to explore the artist’s personal and professional journey: his memories, experiences of New York, his creative process, conception of painting, and ties with photography and film, and the cohesiveness and versatility that characterise his art. Key aspects for a more in-depth understanding of his artistic sphere.
The conversation, moreover, spotlights the preparatory research process that has given rise to this exhibition to grant a better understanding of the curatorial criteria and decisions that have guided its development.
These inaugural conversations, part of the main working strands of the Museo’s Public Programmes Area, aim to explore in greater depth the exhibition narratives of the shows organised by the Museo from the perspective of artists, curators and specialists.

Crossed Vignettes
Friday, 21 November 2025 – Check programme
The Crossed Vignettes conference analyses the authorship of comics created by women from an intergenerational perspective and draws from the Museo Reina Sofía Collections. Across different round-table discussions, the programme features the participation of illustrators Marika, Carla Berrocal, Laura Pérez Vernetti and Bea Lema and researchers Viviane Alary, Virginie Giuliana and Elisa McCausland.
The aim of the encounter is twofold: to explore in greater depth the different forms in which women comic book artists have contributed to developing a counterculture; namely, the appearance of ruptures, reformulations and new genres within the ninth art. And to set up a dialogue which ignites an exploration of genealogies linking different generations of artists.
Moreover, the activity is put forward as a continuation to the exhibition Young Ladies the World Over, Unite! Women Adult Comic Book Writers (1967–1993) and the First International Conference on Feminist Comic Book Genealogies, held in April 2024 at the Complutense University of Madrid.
In redefining the visual narratives of the comic book and questioning gender stereotypes in a male-dominated world, women comic book writers and artists have impelled greater visibility and a more prominent role for women in this sphere. The study of intergenerational dialogue between female artists past and present enables an analysis of the way in which these voices reinterpret and carry the legacy of their predecessors, contributing new perspectives, forms of artistic expression and a gender-based hybridisation which enhances the world of comics.
The conference, organised jointly by the Museo Reina Sofía and Université Clermont Auvergne/CELIS (UR4280), features the participation of the Casa de Velázquez and is framed inside the context of the CALC programme The Spanish Artistic Canon. Between Critical Literature and Popular Culture: Propaganda, Debates, Advertising (1959–1992), co-directed by Virginie Giuliana. It is also the outcome of the projects Horizon Europa COST Actions iCOn-MICs (Comics and Graphic Novels from the Iberian Cultural Area, CA19119) and COS-MICs (Comics and Sciences, CA24160).



![Miguel Brieva, ilustración de la novela infantil Manuela y los Cakirukos (Reservoir Books, 2022) [izquierda] y Cibeles no conduzcas, 2023 [derecha]. Cortesía del artista](https://recursos.museoreinasofia.es/styles/small_landscape/public/Actividades/ecologias_del_deseo_utopico.jpg.webp)
![Ángel Alonso, Charbon [Carbón], 1964. Museo Reina Sofía](https://recursos.museoreinasofia.es/styles/small_landscape/public/Actividades/perspectivas_ecoambientales.jpg.webp)