
Held on 15 Jun 2019
1969 es el nombre de esta serie de sesiones con dj’s, concebidas tanto para la escucha como para el baile, con las que el Museo Reina Sofía conmemora los cincuenta años de salsa, una música mestiza con raíces africanas que no es mambo, ni chachachá, ni guaracha, ni guaguancó, ni pachanga, ni plena, ni bomba, ni tampoco son montuno, pero que es todas esas músicas caribeñas a la vez: un cúmulo de estilos aglutinados por la segunda generación de músicos latinos residentes en Estados Unidos en las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Su desarrollo e instrumentación fue sin embargo fruto de muchos años y varios países, además, por supuesto, de las aportaciones de músicos como Eddie Palmieri, Celia Cruz, Arsenio Rodríguez o Tito Puente.
A finales de los sesenta, los géneros musicales cubanos como el chachachá o el mambo fueron dando paso al boogaloo, la pachanga, el jala jala y el shing-a-ling. En 1969 este conglomerado musical inunda el barrio neoyorquino de East Harlem, renombrado por sus habitantes como “El Barrio”. Cabe destacar su situación, tan solo a ocho kilómetros en línea recta de la calle 19, donde Tony Schwartz había realizado su audio-documental sobre los migrantes puertorriqueños en 1955, y a unos quince del Lower Manhattan, lugar donde floreció a partir de 1961 lo que los historiadores del arte neoyorquinos llamarían las segundas vanguardias o artes expandidas que, además de llenar páginas y galerías, definió el papel del arte en la ocupación del suelo, dando pie al modelo más conocido de gentrificación urbana. En esa misma ciudad, en esa misma década, la salsa se convirtió en la sustancia de cohesión de movimientos artísticos y sociales como el de los puertorriqueños Young Lords Party.
La experimentación sonora, al igual que en el vecino Lower Manhattan, pasó por la transdisciplinariedad y mezcla de influencias traídas de ultramar, en este caso desde el Caribe. Es especialmente interesante el proceso de combinación de patrones rítmicos procedentes de distintas tradiciones centroamericanas cuya clave musical tiene su origen en los ritmos afrocaribeños. Este patrón, de 3/2 en lugar de 4/4, se encuentra en el mambo o la guaracha, y también en algunas tradiciones africanas, pero está ausente en toda la tradición europea. Así pues, el desarrollo de la composición polirrítmica es uno de los elementos más importantes en esta música que logra consolidar y encriptar diferentes testimonios migratorios y de mestizaje.
Las sesiones de 1969, como celebración conmemorativa de aquel espíritu, ofrecerán una selección de todos los estilos que conformaron lo que hoy entendemos por salsa, en su momento un nombre elegido aleatoriamente que sirvió como herramienta de posicionamiento identitario y comercial.
Con el apoyo técnico de
Laboratorio de Informática y Electrónica Musical-LIEM, Centro de Tecnología del Espectáculo-CTE, Instituto Nacional de las Artes Escénicas y de la Música-INAEM
Comisariado
José Luis Espejo
Organised by
Museo Reina Sofía
Con el patrocinio de

Participants
La Parcería, de la que proceden los dj’s protagonistas del evento, es una asociación cultural fundada en 2010 como plataforma para el libre tránsito de propuestas, discursos, ideas, saberes y haceres artísticos con impacto social. La Parcería creó Salsódromo Madrid, un proyecto de investigación, difusión y preservación de las manifestaciones populares y culturales afrocaribeñas por medio de la escucha y el baile, surgido en el verano de 2012 como medio de cohesión social ante la falta de un plan de integración y acogida a las comunidades latinas migrantes en España. Salsódromo nació en el Campo de la Cebada, donde la salsa ayudó a recuperar una parte del espacio del barrio y, junto con ella, la identidad de varias comunidades migrantes. Hoy permanece vivo en los martes de Salsa en el Café Berlín.
Más actividades
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On Black Study: Towards a Black Poethics of Contamination
Monday 27, Tuesday 28 and Wednesday 29 of April, 2026 – 16:00 h
The seminar On Black Study: Towards a Black Poethics of Contamination proposes Black Study as a critical and methodological practice that has emerged in and against racial capitalism, colonial modernity and institutional capture. Framed through what the invited researcher and practitioner Ishy Pryce-Parchment terms a Black poethics of contamination, the seminar considers what it might mean to think Blackness (and therefore Black Study) as contagious, diffuse and spreadable matter. To do so, it enacts a constellation of diasporic methodologies and black aesthetic practices that harbor “contamination” -ideas that travel through texts, geographies, bodies and histories- as a method and as a condition.
If Blackness enters Western modernity from the position of the Middle Passage and its afterlives, it also names a condition from which alternative modes of being, knowing and relating are continually forged. From within this errant boundarylessness, Black creative-intellectual practice unfolds as what might be called a history of touches: transmissions, residues and socialities that unsettle the fantasy of pure or self-contained knowledge.
Situated within Black radical aesthetics, Black feminist theory and diasporic poetics, the seminar traces a genealogy of Black Study not as an object of analysis but as methodological propositions that continue to shape contemporary aesthetic and political life. Against mastery as the horizon of study, the group shifts attention from what we know to how we know. It foregrounds creative Black methodological practices—fahima ife’s anindex (via Fred Moten), Katherine McKittrick’s expansive use of the footnote, citation as relational and loving labour, the aesthetics of Black miscellanea, and Christina Sharpe’s practices of annotation—as procedures that disorganise dominant regimes of knowledge. In this sense, Black Study is approached not as a discrete academic field but as a feel for knowing and knowledge: a constellation of insurgent practices—reading, gathering, listening, annotating, refusing, world-making—that operate both within and beyond the university.
The study sessions propose to experiment with form in order to embrace how ‘black people have always used interdisciplinary methodologies to explain, explore, and story the world.’ Through engagements with thinkers and practitioners such as Katherine McKittrick, C.L.R. James, Sylvia Wynter, Christina Sharpe, Fred Moten, Tina Campt, Hilton Als, John Akomfrah, fahima ife and Dionne Brand, we ask: What might it mean to study together, incompletely and without recourse to individuation? How might aesthetic practice function as a poethical intervention in the ongoing work of what Sylvia Wynter calls the practice of doing humanness?

Mediations of the Archive: Art, Community, and Political Action
Tuesday 7, and Thursday 23, April, 2026 – 17:00 h
The online seminar Archival Mediations: Art, Community, and Political Action, curated by Sofía Villena Araya, examines the role of archival practices in caring for, dignifying, and activating memory in Central America. As part of the Cáder Institute for Central American Art’s first line of research, driven by the question “What Art Histories does Central America produce?”, this seminar proposes an approach to the archive as a mediator that articulates relationships between art, community, and political action, while engaging with the historiographical questions raised by their intersections.
Although the proposal is not limited to discussions of the Central American isthmus, it is framed by the particular conditions under which memory has been constructed in the region. Central America is a territory vulnerable to natural and geological disasters, marked by political violence exercised by authoritarian states and fragile institutions, a persistent colonial and imperial legacy, and the social fragmentation resulting from these factors. It is also a context in which the archive does not necessarily refer to a specific place —such as a building or documentary collection— nor does it primarily follow the protocols of a discipline such as archival science. Rather, the seminar explores how the archive operates, through art, as a dispositif that forges connections, generates forms of belonging, and opens spaces for political action.
The encounter unfolds across two sessions: the first focuses on archival practices addressing questions of memory, violence, and war; the second examines community-based practices surrounding queer and sex-dissident archives. In the face of the systematic destruction of memory, the archival practices discussed in these sessions demonstrate how the archive emerges in other spaces and according to different logics. Within this framework, the proposed space for exchange and research explores the role of art as a productive medium for constructing archives through images, affects, intimacy, performativity, the body, orality, and fiction, as well as through other materialities that challenge the centrality of the document and of writing.

Intergenerationality
Thursday, 9 April 2026 – 5:30pm
This series is organised by equipoMotor, a group of teenagers, young people and older people who have participated in the Museo Reina Sofía’s previous community education projects, and is structured around four themed blocks that pivot on the monstrous.
The third session gazes at film as a place from which to dismantle the idea of one sole history and one sole time. From a decolonial and queer perspective, it explores films which break the straight line of past-present-future, which mix memories, slow progress and leave space for rhythms which customarily make no room for official accounts. Here the images open cracks through which bodies, voices and affects appear, disrupting archive and questioning who narrates, and from where and for whom. The proposal is at once simple and ambitious: use film to imagine other modes of remembering, belonging and projecting futures we have not yet been able to live.

Thinking with African Guernica by Dumile Feni
Wednesday 25, March 2026 - 7p.m.
Curator Tamar Garb brings together a panel of specialists from different disciplines, ranging from Art and Social Anthropology to African Studies and the History of violence, on the occasion of the first edition of the series History Doesn’t Repeat Itself, but It Does Rhyme, starring African Guernica (1967) by Dumile Feni (Worcester, South Africa, 1942 – New York, 1991). The aim of this meeting is to collectively reflect on the points of convergence between the works of both Pablo Picasso and the South African artist.
African Guernica is the monumental drawing created by Dumile Feni in the 1960s. The piece is being shown for the first time outside South Africa, in dialogue with Picasso’s Guernica (1937). This provocative physical encounter invites us to consider both artworks as anti-war and anti-totalitarian manifestos, albeit relating to different places and moments.
For this panel, Siyabonga Njica presents the artistic and cultural context of 1960’s Johannesburg, contemporary to Dumile Feni’s work. Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela addresses the trauma of apartheid from both aesthetic and oneiric perspectives. Thozama April analyses the artist’s corpus in relation to archival practices and conservation. Finally, Elvira Dyangani Ose offers a reading of African Guernica through the lens of Pan-African modernity and the collapse of the centre-periphery duality.
These events, which form part of the core strands of the Public Programmes department, aim to provide deeper insight into and broaden public engagement with the Museo’s Collections and temporary exhibitions.

History Doesn’t Repeat Itself, but It Does Rhyme. Dumile Feni: African Guernica
Tuesday 24 March 2026 – 6.30p.m.
On the occasion of the exhibition History Doesn’t Repeat Itself, but It Does Rhyme. Dumile Feni: African Guernica, its curator Tamar Garb, introduced by Manuel Segade, Director of the Museo Reina Sofía, highlights the opportunities for reflection offered by the presentation at the Museum of African Guernica (1967), the African sibling to Pablo Picasso’s emblematic painting. The event concludes with the live premiere of a musical composition created especially for this event by the South African artists Philip Miller and Tshegofatso Moeng.
African Guernica, the monumental drawing produced by the South African artist Dumile Feni (Worcester, South Africa, 1942 – New York, 1991) in the 1960s, is presented for the first time outside South Africa in dialogue with Picassos’s Guernica (1937). Dumile Feni’s work is deeply connected to its place of origin, emerging from the context of state violence and institutionalised racial oppression under apartheid. Viewing both artworks side by side makes it possible to consider their shared references and strategies, their similarities and synergies, as well as the formal and figurative differences that largely result from their geographical and temporal separation.
The musical composition by Philip Miller and Tshegofatso Moeng intends to establish a parallel dialogue between traditional South African sounds and the classical repertoire for strings, voice and wind instruments. A full ensemble of performers from South Africa and Spain has been brought together for this purpose.
These inaugural conversations, which form part of the core strands of the Public Programmes Department, aim to explore in depth the content of the exhibitions organised by the Museo from the perspective of artists, curators and specialists.
