Energy, Art and Sound
A lecture by Douglas Kahn and a listening session with Peter Blamey’s Five Fertile Exchanges

Held on 27 Jun 2018
Since 2000, certain universities, chiefly in the English-speaking world, have developed multidisciplinary studies, which include visual studies and others with the generic title Sound Studies. Initially, the specialised historiography in this field analysed the presence of sound and music in the arts, before focusing on vibrational force, broadening its field of analysis to literature, painting and, naturally, music. In the latter, the work of Linda Dalrymple Henderson on early avant-garde artists and Shelley Trower’s work on literature and science in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are both worthy of mention.
Yet most theorists and historians have ignored the role of energy, paying no heed to its presence and influence on much of many artists’ work. This, however, can no longer be disregarded, particularly in art’s reading of the impact of energy produced and transformed by people in the environment, tangible in the pollution of seas and global warming and equally worrying in less visible spectrums such as electromagnetic radiation.
Thus, Douglas Kahn, a pioneer in studies of this ilk, presents his explorations into the relationship between energy, art and sound in the Museo Reina Sofía by way of a lecture accompanied by a listening session centred on Five Fertile Exchanges, by Australian artist Peter Blamey, the subject of a chapter in Kahn’s latest book. The piece was produced in October 2016 in Bogong village in the Victorian Alps in Australia and concentrates a large part of the hydroelectric production of the Kiewa region. Outside this mass production, Blamey’s work explores the responsiveness of certain devices used to extract energy from the natural environment — tiny amplifiers powered with solar panels, basic turbines, etc. – and their ability to grant us different sound experiences through their various reactions with environmental factors.
Curatorship
José Luis Espejo
Complementary material
Kahn, Douglas and Whitehead, Gregory, Wireless Imagination: Sound, Radio and the Avant-Garde, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 1992
Kahn, Douglas, Noise, Water, Meat: A History of Sound in the Arts, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, MIT Press, 1999Kahn, Douglas, Earth Sound Earth Signal: Energies and Earth Magnitude in the Arts, Berkeley; Los Angeles; London, University of California Press, 2013
Organised by
Museo Reina Sofía
Participants
Douglas Kahn is a professor at the National Institute for Experimental Arts, University of New South Wales, Sydney (Australia). In 1999 he published Noise, Water, Meat: a History of Sound in the Arts, possibly one of the first and best-known histories of sound in art written in English, and in 2013 Earth Sound Earth Signal: Energies and Earth Magnitude in the Arts, an analysis of the use of electromagnetic energy in art, with a sharp focus on Thomas Watson, Henry David Thoreau and Alvin Lucier. Kahn is currently working on Energies in the Arts, expounding the discovery, understanding and evaluation of the potential and the consequences of the presence of energy in art.
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Blake Edwards. The Party
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In The Party, actor Hrundi V. Bakshi (Peter Sellers) is mistakenly invited to a glamorous dinner party in Hollywood. His curiosity and two left feet lead to one funny mishap after the other. During the soiree he consoles Michèle, a young actress who has been fired by her producer, and the chaos gathers momentum when Bakshi accidentally opens a retractable floor, making the guests fall into a swimming pool. A small hippie-style elephant gatecrashes the party, brought by a group of young people, and Bakshi asks the guests to wash the elephant as it is a sacred animal in his country. The house fills with soap suds, culminating in a wackily chaotic party.
When Stanley Kubrick was once asked who Peter Sellers was, he replied: “There is no such person as Peter Sellers”. The Party is one of the most widely recognised comedies in the history of film, its director Blake Edwards and the English actor making an entertaining critique of a fading conservative society. The cultural revolutions of the 1960s fit into the container of a choppy swimming pool: people from high society, an elephant, a Russian ballet, waiters, beatnik youth… similar to Sellers’s own identity: an empty vessel that can be refilled. In the film, Edwards tapped into the ingenious actor’s innate improvisation and the swimming pool as a container for revolutionary intent.

Lucrecia Martel. La ciénaga (The Swamp)
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A couple of families spend the summer in a country cottage. The relationship between them exposes a crisis. The alcoholism of Mecha (Graciela Borges) and Gregorio (Martín Adjemián) becomes clear, leading to a drift in the education of their children and impacting relationships of respect and affect. Weariness expresses the lackadaisical environment.
In La ciénaga Lucrecia Martel approaches the decadence of a middle-class Argentinian family. The pool of dirty, stagnant water reflects the economic and social collapse of a whole country, yet reflects more than economic crisis as it becomes a murky well feeding off the pain of those living in the house. An erstwhile space of joy, the swimming pool becomes a reflection of adult depression, resulting in apathy. And the children, especially the girls, seem to be the only people awake in this drift. Barring a flicker of unawareness, the young people immerse themselves in rainwater or the water from the river, in water that flows, but are cautious of getting too close to the swimming pool.
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Yorgos Lanthimos. Dogtooth
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A couple with three adult children live in a modern country cottage. A large swimming pool takes centre stage in a sizeable garden. The property is skirted by a large fence that blocks a view of the outside. Here, the father has educated his children without outside contact, maintaining their belief in a false world: aeroplanes fall in the garden like toys and they must act like dogs to defend themselves from the ferocious cats that surround the house. The promise of going out into the world when they lose their dogtooth is proof of their maturity.
Lanthimos builds a world that is surreal, comical and terrible. The swimming pool is the house’s central element, a limited, controlled space assimilated like the sea, yet under the father’s supervision. A space of imagination, but with sinister intentions: the children are indoctrinated under the water as they believe in a better world. Far from reality. The swimming pool’s limits are the limits of their freedom, a false state of well-being expressed in the weightless bodies in the water. The liquid element is an analgesic magma with the power to educate offspring under the latent fear of a shark bite.
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Binka Zhelyazkova. The Swimming Pool
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The young, bright Bella (Yanina Kasheva), after unforeseen heartbreak at her graduation party, meets Apostol (Kosta Tsonev), a reserved architect, and Boyan (Kliment Denchev), a comedy actor who is cynical about his country. The three characters climb up to a diving board in a municipal swimming pool, where they begin a strange relationship of friendship, love and despair which reflects a generational clash.
Binka Zhelyazkova, the great enfant terrible of Eastern European cinema, critic of the communist system and widely acclaimed film-maker beyond Bulgarian borders, made in The Swimming Pool a masterly metaphor for a country in decline. The public pool symbolises a closed, immovable enclosure where society is festering. From the height of a diving board she sees, in a panoptic view, the different generations living underneath a limited space. On one side, older people attempt to preserve the old revolutionary spirit with constant collective swimming exercises while, on the other, young people don’t hide the desire for freedom that remains unrealised. The result is an ideological clash in how to act and move in the enclosure, unearthing vast hypocrisy in the lost ideals of socialism, reflected in the total apathy of youth. The Swimming Pool for Zhelyazkova is a reflection of the disillusionment and existential void of a whole country and system.
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Jacques Deray. The Swimming Pool
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If there was a definition of the glistening blue pool in this sexual thriller, it would be the paradise of Adam and Eve, represented by the shots of happiness of Romy Schneider and Alain Delon in this swimming pool on France’s Côte d’Azur. The appearance of these two beautiful creatures kissing semi-naked by the water is one of film’s resonant images. The paradise cannot be fractured, not even by death. As in the crossing of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, where humanity’s first lovers bathed naked in the water, innocent to their imminent end, the reflection of the crystalline water of The Swimming Pool shows this game, and the deep traumas which, under this mantle, are hidden in the amorous relationships and limits that only love is capable of breaking to solve.
In this session both endings to the film are screened: the original version, open and symbolic, and the Spanish version, marked by censorship during Francoism, and its sequence for a Spanish premiere — a stereotypical and reductive vision reflecting the sociological condition of the country.

