An Approach to Afal
Ramón Masats and Carlos Pérez Siquier in conversation with Laura Terré

Held on 13 jun 2018
Ramón Masats and Carlos Pérez Siquier in conversation with Laura Terré
Screening of the documentary Afal, una mirada libre, by Alberto Gómez Uriol
This encounter, held in relation to the exhibition An Approach to Afal. The Autric-Tamayo Donation, recollects the central space occupied by the Afal collective in post-war Spanish photography. A conversation between two of its leading figures, photographers Ramón Masats and Carlos Pérez Siquier, and the show’s curator, Laura Terré, will be followed by the screening of Alberto Gómez Uriol’s documentary Afal, una mirada libre (Afal, a Free Gaze), which assembles declarations from the majority of its members.
In the mid-1950s, the Afal photographic collective brought together a group of young Spanish photographers through an eponymous magazine, published between 1956 and 1963. The concept of the project, the brainchild of Almería natives José María Artero García and Carlos Pérez Siquier, was open to new viewpoints, differing from those excluded from the official or salonista photography, the latter a term used by Oriol Maspons to refer to the restrictive nature of juries in photography awards. Afal would employ Neo-realist photography, highlighting the contradictions of 1950s and 1960s Spanish society: underdevelopment, rural exodus, the influence of religion on education and public life, the birth of tourism, these were some of the themes to spark the group’s interest. Despite their diversity, the collective still managed to marry a spirit of sincerity and commitment, reflected in different series and reportage. “The group formed its ideology on the basis of joining discrepancies and hopes and expectations,” writes Laura Terré.
Afal’s eager approach was a challenge to the reactionary post-war landscape of Spain’s photography, outlasting the collective itself, and reflected in the careers of many of its members and supporters: the aforementioned Carlos Pérez Siquier (Almería, 1930), Ramón Masats (Caldes de Montbui, 1931), Leopoldo Pomés (Barcelona, 1931), Joan Colom (Barcelona, 1922–2017), Ricard Terré (Barcelona, 1928-Vigo 2009), Gabriel Cualladó (Massanassa, 1925-Madrid 2003), Joaquín Rubio Camín (Gijón, 1929-2006), Oriol Maspons (Barcelona, 1928–2012), Alberto Schommer (Vitoria, 1928–2015), Xavier Miserachs (Barcelona, 1937–1998) and Francisco Ontañón (Barcelona, 1930-Madrid, 2008), among others.
Organised by
Museo Reina Sofía
In collaboration with
illycaffèFilm data sheet
Alberto Gómez Uriol, Afal, una mirada libre
Spain, 2009, 60’
Participants
Ramón Masats. Winner of the National Photography Award in 2004. In addition to being part of the Afal group, in 1959 he and other photographers founded the La Palangana collective. His images were published in pioneering photobooks like Neutral corner (1962), Los Sanfermines (1963) and Viejas Historias de Castilla la Vieja (1964). After many years working in cinema, he returned to photography in the 1980s.
Carlos Pérez Siquier. Winner of the National Photography Award in 2003. In 1956 he was among the founders of the Afal group and its magazine (1956–1963), and has displayed his work on numerous occasions, including the exhibitions Four Directions (Museo Reina Sofía, 1997) and Pérez Siquier: la mirada (Pérez Siquier: The Gaze, Fundación Telefónica, 2005).
Laura Terré. Photography historian. She holds a PhD in Fine Arts from the University of Barcelona and has conducted in-depth research into the generation of Spanish photographers from the Afal group. She is the curator of the exhibitions Miserachs. Epílogo imprevisto (Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera, 2018), Colita, perquè si! (Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera, 2014), The Afal Photographic Group (1956-1963) (2017) and An Approach to Afal. The Autric-Tamayo Donation (2018), the last two in the Museo Reina Sofía.
Más actividades
![Metahaven, The Sprawl: Propaganda about Propaganda [La diseminación: propaganda sobre propaganda], 2015, película](https://recursos.museoreinasofia.es/styles/small_landscape/public/Actividades/interfaz_emotiva_0.jpeg.webp)
EMOTIVE INTERFACE. The Films of Metahaven
Thursday, 27, Friday, 28, and Saturday, 29 November 2025 – check times
The Museo Reina Sofía and the Márgenes International Film Festival in Madrid, here in its fifteenth edition, present this series devoted to the artist collective Metahaven. The programme is framed inside the working strand both institutions started in 2024, focusing on an exploration of contemporary audiovisual narratives, a hybridisation of languages and the moving image as a tool for practising critical gazes on the present. Emotive Interface. The Films of Metahaven comprises two sessions of screenings and a masterclass delivered by the collective, centring on the relationship between the internet, technology, time and the moving image. All sessions will be presented by the artists.
The work of Metahaven — Dutch artist duo Vinca Kruk and Daniel van der Velden — encompasses graphic art, video, installations, writing and design around urgent issues related to governance, identity, power and transparency in the digital age. Thus, their practice stands at the crossroads of art, film and critical thought, as they employ visual language as a tool to explore the tensions between technology, politics and perception, their practice combining the rigour of the visual essay and a strong poetic component, where graphic design, digital animation and documentary material fuse into dense, emotionally ambiguous compositions that speak of post-digital romanticism through an allegorical formulation. The spotlight of this series shines brightly on some of Metahaven’s recent works, for instance The Feeling Sonnets (Transitional Object) (2024), in which they examine language, poetry and digital time, and on The Sprawl (Propaganda About Propaganda) (2015), an essay which explores how the internet and social media have radically altered the relationship between truth, power and perception. Finally, the duo’s masterclass is set forth here as a survey of the main themes explored by both artists.

Francisco López and Barbara Ellison
Thursday, 11 December - 8pm
The third session in the series brings together two international reference points in sound art in one evening — two independent performances which converse through their proximity here. Barbara Ellison opens proceedings with a piece centred on the perceptively ambiguous and the ghostly, where voices, sounds and materials become spectral manifestations.
This is followed by Francisco López, an internationally renowned Spanish sound artist, who presents one of his radical immersions in deep listening, with his work an invitation to submerge oneself in sound matter as a transformative experience.
This double session sets forth an encounter between two artists who, from different perspectives, share the same search: to open ears to territories where sound becomes a poetic force and space of resistance.

Long Live L’Abo! Celluloid and Activism
4, 5, 6 DIC 2025
The third instalment of Cinema Commons, a research, programming and publishing project which explores how film articulates interpretive communities, fosters collective debate and devises proposals for common spaces, presents L’Abominable, an artist- and film-maker-run independent film-lab founded in 1996 on the outskirts of Paris. The programme is structured around three sessions: a lecture-workshop on L’Abominable, conducted by film-makers Pilar Monsell and Camilo Restrepo; a session of short films in 16mm produced in L’Abominable; and the feature-length film Une île et une nuit (An Island and One Night), made by the Les Pirates des Lentillères collective.
Better known by the shortened version of L’Abo, the artist-run laboratory emerged in response to disappearing infrastructures in artisan film-making and endeavours to offer the creative community a self-managed space in which to produce, develop and screen films in analogue formats such as Super8, 16mm and 35mm. With this underpinning, L’Abo champions the aesthetic and political experimentation of analogue cinema opposite digital hegemony.
L'Abominable, more than a simple work tool, has become a space of artistic and social exchange which has knitted together a community. It is characterised by endowing technique with a poetic dimension, in a community that manufactures its own film devices, and situates pedagogy at its core — the film-makers and artists train one another on common ground. Further, it seeks to forge an opening to all experimental languages around celluloid, for instance installation and film performance, while constituting a place of preservation and conservation in the history of the medium.
L'Abominable is an example of how, at the height of the digital age, artists and film-makers are recovering cinematography and vindicating the production process in its entirety. This autonomy invents alternative routes in the industry as it creates new tools, develops other forms of expression and explores unknown cinematic territories.

Estrella de Diego Lecture. Holding Your Brain While You Sleep
Wednesday, 3 December 2025 – 7pm
Framed inside the Museo Reina Sofía’s retrospective exhibition devoted to Maruja Mallo, this lecture delivered by Estrella de Diego draws attention to the impact of the artist’s return to Spain after her three-decade exile in Latin America.
Committed to values of progress and renewal in the Second Republic, Mallo was forced into exile to Argentina with the outbreak of the Civil War and would not go back to Spain to settle definitively until 1965 — a return that was, ultimately, a second exile.
Mallo saw out her prolific artistic trajectory with two impactful series: Moradores del vacío (Dwellers of the Void, 1968–1980) and Viajeros del éter (Ether Travelers, 1982), entering her most esoteric period in which she drew inspiration from her “levitational experiences” of crossing the Andes and sailing the Pacific. Her travels, both real and imaginary, became encounters with superhuman dimensions.
In parallel, her public persona gained traction as she became a popular figure and a key representative of the Generation of ‘27 — the other members of which also started returning to Spain.
This lecture is part of the Art and Exile series, which seeks to explore in greater depth one of the defining aspects of Maruja Mallo’s life and work: her experience of exile. An experience which for Mallo was twofold: the time she spent in the Americas and her complex return to Spain.

Haunting History
Friday, 28 November 2025 – 6pm
Curator Patricio Majano invites writer Elena Salamanca, artist Beatriz Cortez and artist and writer Olivier Marboeuf to explore, in conversation, the political agency of artistic forms in relation to the spectral resonances in Central America, the Caribbean, and their diasporas.
Central America is a region inhabited by spectres that continually interrupt any attempt at historical closure. Five centuries of colonisation, counterinsurgency wars, genocides, dictatorships and deportations have resulted in accumulated traumas and persistent forms of violence that still move around under the surface of the present. More than past ruins, these spectres are material forces which persist, invade and reclaim the reparation and reconfiguration of the frameworks of historical legibility. In Central American artistic practice, these spectral presences become method, counter-archive and counter-pedagogy.
Taking El Salvador as both axis and prism, this conference seeks to think about “ghostliness”, not as a metaphor but as a political and aesthetic technology, from the following questions: How is that which persists beyond disappearance manifested? Who speaks from amputation? How does memory operate when the State apparatus has systematically searched for its erasure? How is the spectral tapped into as a form of resistance? Which conditions and methods allow art to articulate a claim, reparation and justice when hegemonic narratives are upheld in denial?
Over the course of 2025, these questions have articulated the research residency of Salvadoran curator Patricio Majano in the The Cáder Institute of Central American Art (ICAC) by virtue of the project Amputated Identities: Ghosts in Salvadoran Art. Majano’s research traces genealogies and resonances between Salvadoran contemporary art, the Indigenous genocide of 1932 and the Civil War (1980–1992), interrogating how these unresolved forms of violence operate with artistic subject matter.
Beyond a closing act of the ICAC residency, this encounter stresses exchange and dialogue as method: opening the process and sharing questions, tensions and unresolved challenges — not as conclusions, but as work in progress.




![Miguel Brieva, ilustración de la novela infantil Manuela y los Cakirukos (Reservoir Books, 2022) [izquierda] y Cibeles no conduzcas, 2023 [derecha]. Cortesía del artista](https://recursos.museoreinasofia.es/styles/small_landscape/public/Actividades/ecologias_del_deseo_utopico.jpg.webp)
![Ángel Alonso, Charbon [Carbón], 1964. Museo Reina Sofía](https://recursos.museoreinasofia.es/styles/small_landscape/public/Actividades/perspectivas_ecoambientales.jpg.webp)