Tino Calabuig
Amnistía
1970 (ca.)
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Repression and the Underground
During the years of Francoism, and despite the apparent aperturismo, or “opening out”, experienced in the country, culture was subjected to censorship control. The repression brought to bear by the regime tried to suppress all attempts at expression and counter-discourse, forcing many activities underground and turning these spaces of freedom into standard bearers of anti-Franco ideology.
Within this context, links were created between Estampa Popular and members of other contemporary groups in the artistic landscape and with whom they also shared a political stance. Other ties opposite the regime were established with other artistic manifestations, such as the protest song and the example of singer-songwriter Raimon and printed publications such as Ruedo Ibérico.
Credits
Helena Lumbreras, Spagna 68 (Today Is Bad, But Tomorrow Is Mine), 1968, Courtesy of the Filmoteca de Cataluña Archive.
The Ruedo Ibérico Publishing House
In 1961, five Spanish refugees founded Ruedo Ibérico, and editorial project located in Paris that was profoundly political, intellectual and libertarian. Far from the suffocating censorship policies ratified in Franco’s Spain, the publishing company became a platform for anti-Franco thought and resistance. Through the value it placed on the transformative power and potential of the written word, the Ruedo Ibérico magazine became an important “arena” for developing political opposition to the regime. Its books, moreover, played a key role in establishing alternative historical narratives on the Spanish Civil War, the Franco regime and the shifting realities of Europe within the volatile context of the 1960s.
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